1 00:00:11,000 --> 00:00:16,440 As a biologist, it's really important to develop your skills in biological drawings. 2 00:00:16,440 --> 00:00:21,840 You need to be able to draw label and annotate your biological samples, 3 00:00:21,840 --> 00:00:25,280 but there is a standard to follow which we're going to go through in detail. 4 00:00:25,280 --> 00:00:30,360 In order to complete your biological drawing there are several pieces of equipment that you need to use. 5 00:00:30,360 --> 00:00:38,320 So we need our plain paper, ruler, well sharpened pencil and your sample down the microscope. 6 00:00:38,320 --> 00:00:44,680 In order to get a clear image of that sample always start on the lowest magnification. 7 00:00:44,680 --> 00:00:48,920 Using the coarse adjustment then, focus into the sample 8 00:00:48,920 --> 00:00:56,440 and then with the fine adjustments, get a lovely clear image of the sample that you are wanting to draw. 9 00:00:56,440 --> 00:01:04,760 And then once you are happy, increase the magnification and once again, refocus your image. 10 00:01:04,760 --> 00:01:09,560 Use your fine focusing to get the clear image that you are wanting to see. 11 00:01:09,560 --> 00:01:19,840 The standards in completing the biological drawing is whenever you are doing labelling or titles, they must have capitalised letters. 12 00:01:19,840 --> 00:01:26,520 So at the top of the page then, nice and clear, you want to do the title of your bilogical sample. 13 00:01:26,520 --> 00:01:53,880 So in this situation it would be 'The Simple Cuboidal of Epithelial Cells in Kidney Tubule' 14 00:01:53,880 --> 00:02:02,120 And with any labelling and titles then, they must always be underlined using your rule, not freehand. 15 00:02:08,880 --> 00:02:17,400 Now completing the image itself, you need to always make sure you are using solid, confident lines within your drawing 16 00:02:17,400 --> 00:02:25,280 none of the feather type of drawing that you may do in artistic kinds of images. 17 00:02:25,280 --> 00:02:30,600 And you are going to make it very simplistic to what you are actually seeing down the microscope. 18 00:02:30,600 --> 00:02:36,120 So always checking, yourself, selecting a couple of cells that you are wanting to draw in detail. 19 00:02:36,120 --> 00:02:42,400 So for example, I am going to select the cells that I want to draw, you're going to see the image of what I am drawing 20 00:02:42,400 --> 00:02:44,920 And see if you can work out which cells I have chosen. 21 00:02:49,880 --> 00:02:56,240 So again making sure that there are nice confident lines within your drawing 22 00:02:57,680 --> 00:02:59,680 and making it nice and simplisitic 23 00:03:02,560 --> 00:03:04,480 to what the image is that you are seeing. 24 00:03:07,480 --> 00:03:16,040 Always checking yourself, making sure that you are not doing this feather effect, they're nice confident lines. 25 00:03:29,920 --> 00:03:34,080 Now in my image, because it is simple cuboidal of epithelial tissue 26 00:03:34,080 --> 00:03:38,880 I have got some lovely, quite large nucleus in there. 27 00:03:38,880 --> 00:03:47,240 So if I am shading in the nucleus, again it needs to be confident shading completely covering that area. 28 00:04:03,120 --> 00:04:10,040 So we have now got our bilogical specimen as a biological drawing, but I want to label it. 29 00:04:10,040 --> 00:04:14,840 So in labelling, again, always using capital letters. 30 00:04:14,840 --> 00:04:19,880 So for example, I am going to label my cell membrane. 31 00:04:23,080 --> 00:04:25,800 I am going to label my cytoplasm. 32 00:04:29,320 --> 00:04:32,720 And I am going to label my nucleus. 33 00:04:32,720 --> 00:04:38,520 Remember, in your biological sample you are only drawing what you can see we know other organelles are there 34 00:04:38,520 --> 00:04:43,320 But we can't see them down the microscope so they are not going to be included in our drawing. 35 00:04:43,320 --> 00:04:45,800 Labels, underlined with a ruler. 36 00:04:55,120 --> 00:05:03,480 And when we are connecting the label to the diagram itself, so we can see where the cell membrane is 37 00:05:03,480 --> 00:05:09,440 make sure these connections do not overcross one another. 38 00:05:09,440 --> 00:05:12,000 So you are keeping a nice, clean image. 39 00:05:16,840 --> 00:05:24,080 Finally, adding any annotations, that annotation will go directly underneath the label 40 00:05:24,080 --> 00:05:27,840 and it would be normal handwriting but italic. 41 00:05:27,840 --> 00:05:32,800 So for example then, if I was discussing the function of the cell membrane 42 00:05:32,800 --> 00:05:48,680 I may put that it controls activity of mollecules entering and exiting the cell. 43 00:05:53,960 --> 00:05:58,760 So the standards of biological drawing, capital title and underlined. 44 00:05:58,760 --> 00:06:04,840 Labels in capital letters and underlined, annotations handwritten in italic. 45 00:06:04,840 --> 00:06:13,240 Your drawing, nice and simple, confident lines and blocked in areas such as your nucleus.