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Hello, my name's Gary.

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And today, what we're going to do

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is going to be showing you
how to make some urine, which we use

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for students of various levels
to identify problems

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that may be underlying in patients
that they may be dealing with.

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So we can use this across
a range of students from level one, level

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two to do simple identifications
all the way up to level

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four, level five students for nursing
degree students and things like that.

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So they're looking for more complex issues
within urine.

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So the basics of making urine

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are starting out with the solids,
so we have

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some crystallized urine.

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Previously, in earlier times,

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we used to actually use the student's own
samples.

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Nowadays, with health and safety
considerations

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and issues of risk assessment,
we need to use stuff

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that is more sterile,
so we use bought in crystallized urine.

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First thing we need to do is to weigh

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some of our urine, and I'm going to pop it
in the beaker when I weigh it.

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So using a weighing boat
I pop that onto the balance,

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make sure the balance is reading zero.

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And then I get my

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amount of urine that I'm going to measure.

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As you can see, it's little crystalline
balls.

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I'm just adding this
into the weighing boat,

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and in this case, I'm just weighing
five grams.

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You can alter the amount of urine
that you use depending on

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how big a group you're trying to teach.

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So there we are, that's our five grams

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of urine made,
and I'm going to put that into a beaker.

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And then I'm going to add
some distilled water.

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So here's my container of distilled water.

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As you can

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see, we've still got some urea
there ready to dissolve.

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I'm going to put it
on this magnetic stirrer

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and with the magnetic stirrer
we use a magnet,

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which we call a follower.

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So this is a little magnetic follower.

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And when I drop it onto the stirrer,
you can see

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it sits in place
and then when I turn the stirrer on.

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The follower starts to spin.

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In the old days
or if you don't have one of these,

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it is still perfectly
OK to stir it with a stirring rod.

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But this is much quicker
than having to do it manually.

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So I'll leave that one stirring

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now that that's got us a basis
of some urea in some water to make it

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more realistic so that it's more like
our urine that we would find in patients,

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we need to add some salt to make sure it's
the same salinity as our bodily fluids.

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So I need 0.9% saline.

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Adding to that,

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so I've got 200ml of water in there,
so I need to add 1.8 grams of salt.

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So I get another weighing boat.

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This time I'm using sodium chloride,

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and I then zeroed my balance.

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I'm going to add

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1.8 grams of sodium chloride.

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There we go,
so while this is still stirring,

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I'm now adding my salt into my urea.

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And again,

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we're going to wait for that to dissolve.

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So this is the basis of all the urea
we can use.

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What we can then do is alter

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the basics
to give us various different conditions.

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So for example,
if I wanted a patient who was

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diabetic,
I could add some glucose solution to that.

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So here I have some powdered glucose.

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I can add little concentrate of glucose

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so that it will test positive
for glucose with

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a urine test strip,
or with certain chemicals

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which we will have a look at in a moment.

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If patients have kidney diseases,

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what they often find in their urine
is some albumin,

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which we would know is egg white,

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and that will give you a test
positive test for protein in the urine.

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So that is something that indicates people
with a particular kidney disease.

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So if the nephrons inside
the kidney is not working as they should.

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Unfortunately, the larger molecules
the protein from our blood

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pass out in our urine,
and then that can be an indication

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that there's a problem with our patient .

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Now, in order to make our urine
look more effective, if I stop the stirrer

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now, you can see that
that has all safely dissolved

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and I can gently remove.

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Obviously, I've got a pair
of gloves on. I'm doing this.

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Remove the stirrer.

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I put that to one side,

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and then in order to make my urine
a little bit more effective

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and more realistic
for when we're teaching students,

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I'm going to add some yellow food color.

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So if I just put one drop of yellow food
coloring their pop

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my stirrer back in, pop it on stir again.

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And now we can see

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we've got a very pale colored urine.

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So that would be an indicator of a patient
who is well hydrated, the paler color,

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the urine, the more fluids
there are in the patient's system.

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If we have a patient
who's dehydrated, for example,

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if they've been doing a lot of exercise
on a hot, sunny day in the summer,

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patients
tend to become a little bit dehydrated.

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And if we want to indicate that.

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We can add a

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few more drops of food color.

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Give that a quick mox round,

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and there we can see
we've got a much darker urine sample.