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In this video, we
 will look at different types of hybrid

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and electric cars available and reveal
 which will be available after 2030.

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An alternative fuel vehicle or AFV for

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Short is a vehicle that runs on something
 other than petrol or diesel

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or a vehicle that combines a fossil fuel
 with another form of propulsion.

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The most common types of AFV
 are electric and hybrids.

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But there are all sorts of alternative
 fuel types that we will cover here.

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ICE stands for internal combustion

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engine and refers to traditional petrol
 and diesel only vehicles.

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In some hybrids. 

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Another form of energy supports
 the internal combustion engine,

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whilst in pure electric 

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cars, the internal combustion
 engine is replaced altogether.

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An electric vehicle
 runs off electric power only.

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They have zero tailpipe
 emissions, such as CO2

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and NOx and charge off the electric grid,

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either using home charge points
 or the public charging network,

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mostly called pure electric
 or fully electric vehicles.

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They are also referred to as E.V.

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Electric Vehicle GEV Grid Electric Vehicle

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BEV, Battery Electric Vehicle,
 or PEV Plug-In Electric Vehicle.

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There are three types of hybrid
 on the market today

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mild hybrids MHEV's

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hybrid electric HEVs

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and Plug-In Hybrid PHEV.

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Mild hybrids are basically petrol
 or diesel cars that use electric power

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to support their internal combustion
 engine, mostly to increase efficiency

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in the engine and system
 when accelerating.

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Calling them hybrids is a bit misleading
 because you can't charge mild hybrids

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or drive more than a few meters
 in electric mode, in most cases,

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this is a name that might drop out of use

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or get repurposed further down the line,

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and you'll probably hear these referred
 to as electrified vehicles going forward.

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Hybrid electric vehicles
 switch between Ofglen,

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a petrol engine and electric motor
 to prioritize efficiency or power.

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This can be done automatically
 or by selecting different drive modes.

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Hybrid electric vehicles have limited
 electric only range,

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so you only cover short distances
 and/or low speeds on electric power.

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These type of vehicles,
 also known as parallel hybrids for hybrids

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or self-charging hybrids,
 finally plug in hybrids.

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Are the hybrids you plug in to the charge,

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they can switch from electric
 to petrol or diesel.

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PHEV's tend to use
 their electric power first,

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then run on fossil fuels as a backup plan.

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PHEV battery capacity is high enough

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to cover most or all of your journey
 using electric power

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only depending on your car
 and the length of your journey naturally.

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So PHEV's need plugging in
 to a charging point.

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Overall, PHEVs use less fuel
 than internal combustion

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vehicles and produce fewer emissions
 than HEV's and electrified vehicles.

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A technology that you may come across

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but are mostly obsolete
 now are range extenders.

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Range extenders use
 an internal combustion engine

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as a small generator
 for the electric batteries.

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Unlike other types of hybrid,
 including PHEV's

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range extenders are only
 driven by the electric motor.

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They use petrol or
 diesel to support the motor.

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Not to drive the wheels. 

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As the charging infrastructure improves
 and range anxiety becomes less of a thing.

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There will be less
 need for a range extender technology.

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As of 2030, anything that isn't a pure

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electric car or PHEV
 is getting discontinued.

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This may include MHEVs, HEV's and ICE.

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On the current plans the sale of new PHEVs
 will be banned from 2035,

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leaving pure electric cars
 as the only new car you'll be able to buy.

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There are other types
 of alternative fuel vehicles.

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These aren't quite as popular
 or prevalent yet,

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but advances in technology mean
 anything could happen in the coming years.

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Hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles 

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or just hydrogen fuel cells called FCEVs.

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Use a chemical reaction
 between hydrogen and oxygen

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to create electricity and power the car.

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These are also zero 

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emission vehicles
 as only water comes out of the tailpipe.

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And until all electricity
 comes from renewable sources,

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they are the only truly
 environmentally friendly vehicles.

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The technology is very new, 

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and there isn't much of an infrastructure
 in place to support them yet.

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But they will avoid the 2030 ban,
 and plenty of brands

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are currently working on hydrogen
 powered cars for the mass market adoption.

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This is definitely a technology
 to watch out for.

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Biofuel vehicles
 run on a petrol or diesel ICE

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supported by another type
 of alternative fuel.

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Normally, hydrogen, natural gas
 or the fire petroleum gas.

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Also called e-fuels,
 synthetic fuels are created

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using electrolysis to separate water
 into oxygen and hydrogen.

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The hydrogen is then mixed with CO2
 and make synthetic methanol,

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which is refined
 into synthetic petrol or diesel.

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As the goal for a carbon
 neutral world approaches.

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It is more and more important 

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that car manufacturers
 adopt these new technologies and provide

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more financially achievable alternatives
 to the internal combustion engine.